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Comparison of Atmospheric Aerosol Volatility at a Rural Site in Central Europe.
Kubelová, Lucie ; Vodička, Petr ; Makeš, Otakar ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Volatility is an important characteristic of atmospheric aerosols as it affects their origin, lifetime and removal. Accurate description of aerosol volatilities is important for models calculating condensation of semi-volatile species and it also enables better identification of aerosol sources (Wu et al., 2009). However, our understanding of volatilities of organic atmospheric aerosols and the related processes is still rather poor (Han et al., 2016.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103113060 - PDF
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Comparison of PM2.5 Chemical Composition and Sources at a Rural Background Site.
Pokorná, Petra ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Krejčí, R. ; Swietlicki, E. ; Havránek, Vladimír ; Ždímal, Vladimír
The objective of this study is to compare the PM2.5 chemical composition and sources at a rural background site in Central Europe between the years 1993/1994/1995 and 2009/2010. Chemical analysis of PM2.5 for 29/26 elements by PIXE and water-soluble inorganic ions by IC (2009/2010) was performed. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to the chemical composition of PM2.5 to identify its sources. The results of chemical analysis and source apportionment have been compared. The decrease in time of almost all elements concentrations especially the metals regulated by the EU Directive are evident. The median ratios show significant improvement in levels of analysed elements in PM2.5. Slight increase of K levels points to rise in the residential wood combustion. The apportioned sources in the years 1993/94/95 were brown coal combustion, oil combustion, dust – long-range transport, re-suspended dust/soil and black coal combustion. The industrial combustion of brown/black coal and oil of the regional origin dominated. The six factors in the years 2009/2010 were assigned as sulphate, nitrate, residential heating, industry, re-suspended dust, sea salt + dust/soil – LRT. The secondary sulphate from coal combustion and residential biomass burning of the local origin dominated.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103111430 - PDF
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Seasonal, weekly and diurnal variability of elemental and organic carbon at a rural background site in Central Europe, a four years of measurement
Mbengue, Saliou ; Fusek, M. ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Holubová, Adéla ; Holoubek, Ivan
Atmospheric organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon play an important role in\natmospheric chemistry, climate change and public health. There have been relatively\nfew studies dealing with EC and OC in rural background sites which are less influenced\nby urban and industrial emissions. Nevertheless, measurements at background areas are\nimportant for understanding the transport and transformation characteristics of\nanthropogenic air pollutants, and their effects on various aspects of regional and global\nenvironment changes. This work is one of the rare studies using a semi-continuous\nmeasurement technique to focus on long-term (4 years) measurements of EC and OC at\nregional background site in Europe. It focuses on the factors or phenomena influencing\nboth diurnal and weekly variability of EC and OC concentrations during various seasons\nat rural background area.
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Regional Air Pollution Transport and Its Influence to Pollution Hotspot in th Czech Republic.
Kozáková, Jana ; Vodička, Petr ; Pokorná, Petra ; Ondráčková, Lucie ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Hovorka, J. ; Křůmal, Kamil ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Moravec, Pavel ; Schwarz, Jaroslav
The aim of the study was to find out the local effect and the regional air pollution transport effect on the air quality of the Ostrava Radvanice district, the problematic air pollution hot spot.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103113061 - PDF
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A Kitchen Degreaser Containing Monoethanolamine Can Alter Indoor Aerosol Composition for Days.
Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Makeš, Otakar ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Cusack, Michael ; Talbot, Nicholas ; Vodička, Petr ; Kubelová, Lucie ; Ždímal, Vladimír
Using of such degreaser and consequences related to indoor aerosol are described in this study. Monoethanolamine, a part of a commercial degreaser being used in kitchens, was able to replace ammonium in its sulfate and nitrate salts in the indoor environment, while those salts usually form up to half of PM2.5 aerosol mass indoors.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103110530 - PDF
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Nanoparticle Generation for Follow-Up Exposure Studies by Oxidation of Copper Acetylacetonate.
Moravec, Pavel ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Švehla, Jaroslav ; Kupčík, Jaroslav
The exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) represents a severe problem to human health, because they are becoming more widely used and their number of applications continually increases. Particles containing copper are emitted from smelters, iron foundries, power stations and municipal incinerators (WHO, 1998), as well as from brake linings during braking, Kukutschova et al. (2011). Copper and copper oxide NPs are frequently used as catalysts, heat transfer fluids in machine tools (Kim et al., 2011), inks, anode material in lithium-ion batteries (Guo et al., 2002) and many others. Even though CuO NPs were found highly toxic, Karlsson et al. (2008) and it is likely that NPs enter human body via respiratory tract, the inhalation exposure experiments of CuO NPs with laboratory animals are still rather rare (Pettibone et al., 2008 and Lebedova et al., 2016). The exposure chamber for long lasting inhalation experiments was constructed at the Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS (Večeřa et al., 2011) and some methods of NPs generation for these experiments were already tested in our laboratory (Moravec et al., 2015 and Moravec et al., 2016a). The generation of Cu/Cu2O NPs by thermal decomposition of copper acetylacetonate (CuAA) was reported by Moravec et al. (2016b) and here we present the results of long lasting generation of NPs by oxidation of CuAA.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103113062 - PDF
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Transformation of Aerosol Particles during Transport from Outdoor to Indoor Environment.
Ondráček, Jakub ; Talbot, Nicholas ; Kubelová, Lucie ; Makeš, Otakar ; Cusack, Michael ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Vodička, Petr ; Zíková, Naděžda ; Ždímal, Vladimír
One summer (2014) and one winter (2015) campaign (both lasting three weeks) were conducted to assess the indoor/outdoor physical and chemical properties of aerosol in an unoccupied apartment. The main purpose of these campaigns was to observe the changes in aerosol particles before and after their transport from outdoors to indoors. The most important parameter – the I/O ratio was obtained from indoor/outdoor measurements of aerosol number size distribution as well as chemical composition. The I/O ratios can reveal the changes in particle size and physicochemical characteristics indoors in relation to the size distribution and chemical composition outdoors, and physical parameters such as wind speed, temperature, and RH.
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103110370 - PDF
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Characterization of Aerosol Generated by Laser Ablation for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy.
Holá, M. ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Nováková, H. ; Vojtíšek, M. ; Šperka, J. ; Havlíček, M. ; Kanický, V.
Laser ablation (LA), together with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a detection system, has become a routine method for the direct analysis of various solid samples. The product of laser ablation contains a mixture of vapour, droplets and solid particles. All components are finally transported to a plasma by a carrier gas in form of dry aerosol that includes mainly agglomerates of primary nanoparticles. Dry aerosol can be studied by different offline or online techniques. In general, characterisation of aerosols by their particle size distribution (PSD) represents indispensable tool for fundamental studies of the interaction of laser radiation with various materials. Many works have studied PSD of dry aerosol for different samples, and different ablation conditions (Hola et al., 2010).The laser ablation was performed with nanosecond laser (193 nm) on glass and steel samples using various ablation conditions (spot size, ablation mode, repetition rate, fluence). The aerosol characterization was made first by online PSD monitoring using Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) simultaneously with laser ablation - ICP-MS analysis. Second, the structure of the laser-generated particles was studied off-line using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Plný tet: SKMBT_C22017103113070 - PDF
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